Loading
Sometime soon — maybe even this year — the run of good luck that has brought Florida five consecutive hurricane-free years will end. When it does, the state could face a fiscal crisis that would make this year's $3.6 billion budget gap appear trivial.
If legislators do not quickly enact reforms that cut the size of the Florida Citizens Property Insurance Corp., reform the state's Hurricane Catastrophe Fund and improve the safety of the state's built environment, quite simply, they will not have done their job.
The facts about Citizens and the Cat Fund show just how serious the situation has become. Rather than leaving the risk to private insurance companies, Citizens, a state agency that sells property insurance to about a quarter of all Floridians, could force taxpayers to pay billions for damage to homes all across the state. And the state-run Hurricane Catastrophe Fund, which sells discount-rate reinsurance (insurance for insurance companies) to Citizens and all of the state's private insurers, is an even worse mess. It has about $6 billion in hard assets to pay for claims that, in a particularly bad year, could theoretically top $24 billion.
To pay off these obligations, the Cat Fund would have to issue at least $18 billion in bonds and then collect about $6,000 from each family of four to pay them off.
Because there is no practical way for the state to collect this much revenue under current laws, Florida probably would have to seek some sort of bankruptcy-like protection to stay afloat or impose a new tax.
Change is possible. In fact, a few reasonably simple pieces of legislation could fix the system without causing major disruptions for Florida residents.
Proposals that shrink Citizens should come first.
Rather than abolishing Citizens immediately, as desired by some in the insurance industry, the Legislature should take a middle course and work to shrink Citizens 60% over four years. A gradual reduction in Citizens' size and scope would significantly cut the liability imposed on taxpayers while still providing “last-resort” coverage for high-risk homeowners in the Keys and elsewhere.
Louisiana, which endured in Hurricane Katrina, a disaster far worse than Hurricane Charlie or Wilma in Florida, successfully shrunk its own version of Citizens by a similar amount over the past four years. Florida can do the same.
Changes to the Cat Fund, likewise, would make the state more secure against hurricanes while simultaneously removing liabilities from taxpayers.
Instead of using the Cat Fund to displace private reinsurance, the Legislature should shrink the Cat Fund's overall size and ensure it has a mix of cash and private market risk-transfer instruments (bonds and reinsurance) to pay any potential claims.
Finally, the Legislature should work to make Florida's homeowners safer. Although significant new spending isn't practical, creative use of existing federal grant dollars, a revival of the hurricane-mitigation sales tax holiday (last held in 2007) and a prohibition of state subsidies for building in hurricane-prone areas would all help reduce insurance rates while making residents safer.
In the end, Florida must realize that poorly conceived regulations and market interventions sit at the root of its problems with property insurance. The state cannot avoid storms, and one way or another, its residents will pay the costs implicit in living on a low-lying peninsula in the middle of a hurricane zone.
Citizens, competing directly with private insurers, and the Cat Fund, making promises that it cannot keep, have made it nearly impossible for national private insurers to write new policies in Florida. This has left taxpayers with a huge tab.
If state leaders reform Citizens, shrink the Cat Fund and make its residents safer, Florida can and should expect private firms to return and relieve taxpayers of the enormous risks implicit in retaining the current, broken property insurance system.
Eli Lehrer is an adjunct scholar of the James Madison Institute, a non-partisan policy research center based in Tallahassee, and vice president of the Heartland Institute.
Your free article limit has been reached this month.
Subscribe now for unlimited digital access to our award-winning business news.
Join thousands of executives who rely on us for insights spanning Tampa Bay to Naples.
